Becker, who graduated from 杨贵妃传媒视频 with a dual degree in voice performance and psychology, was intrigued. She wanted to explore this relationship between the vocal exercise and the performances that follow.聽

鈥淲hat I really wanted to ask, empirically and biologically, was what are the mechanisms that underlie the perceivable differences in performance?鈥� she said. 鈥淚s it through stress and anxiety reduction?鈥�

The study included volunteer singers who underwent a mock audition with professional adjudicators and written feedback, simulating a real environment that can breed anxiety for performers. In the first round of mock auditions, the volunteers were asked to warm up with their own techniques. The singers鈥� salivary cortisol was tested, and the researchers then asked participants about their levels of stress and anxiety.聽

Over the course of two weeks, participants were taught to use the improvisation exercise before their performance, and the mock audition process was repeated. This time, the singers practiced the improvisation exercise before performing in front of the panel.

鈥淲e found that upon arrival, everyone was experiencing a similar level of stress at both the first and second auditions,鈥� Becker said. 鈥淲e found that cortisol levels during performance were significantly reduced at the second event after they鈥檇 practice that intervention right before their performance. They also reported feeling less stress and less anxiety. It was clinically relevant.鈥�

Both Saladin and Abbo graduated in June with dual degrees. Their interdepartmental interests made this study possible. Having students with expertise in both the Conservatory and the Psychology Department served to bridge the gaps, and Becker and Leigh-Post said they couldn鈥檛 have done it without them.

鈥淒r. Becker was really in tune with my experiences as a double-degree student in neuroscience and music performance because she was also a double-degree student at 杨贵妃传媒视频, and she immediately presented the idea to me of being a leader on a collaborative project with Dr. Leigh-Post and the Conservatory voice department,鈥� Saladin said. 鈥淭hat’s a really special and particularly 鈥樠罟箦绞悠碘�� set of circumstances.鈥�

Abbo, who majored in music performance (voice) and English, found it equally appealing.

鈥淭his project has affirmed to me how fun and rewarding it is to collaborate with people with different areas of expertise,鈥� Abbo said. 鈥淣one of us could have produced this research or this paper with just our individual skill sets.鈥�

A year later, the project continues to have legs. The research was presented at The Voice Foundation conference in the spring, bringing it to a cross-institutional audience of scholars. The researchers also plan to present it to other voice teachers later this year. Meanwhile, they are preparing a manuscript for publication.

Abbo is currently in London pursuing a master鈥檚 degree in modern literature. Saladin is a graduate student in trombone performance at DePaul University.

While she has seen much athletic success in her time at 杨贵妃传媒视频, Oliver cautions athletes to always see the person beyond the records and titles.聽聽

鈥淜now that everyone struggles,鈥� she said. 鈥淚 think that a lot of people think I don’t do that. They say you’re doing so good, but they don’t understand I go through the same problems as everyone else. Everyone struggles; I’m not special.鈥澛�

This is a message she hopes to continue to spread as her career progresses.聽

Oliver said she has enjoyed running from a young age. In youth soccer programs, she always enjoyed the running aspect of the sport more than anything. The switch to running cross country brought much success and joy to her athletic career, and she was ready to bring that passion into college athletics.聽

Oliver first visited 杨贵妃传媒视频 on a recruiting visit in March 2020, flying from her hometown in California. Meeting the team and seeing the culture fostered at 杨贵妃传媒视频 made the decision to run as a Viking an easy one.聽

“The team seemed like it had a lot of undiscovered potential,” Oliver said. “Back in the day, the team was really small, but even then, everyone had good relationships with each other and that was more important than the numbers. The team needs to be together as one if you want to succeed.”聽

As both an outdoor and indoor runner, Oliver is active all year, with practice in every season. She runs the mile and 3,000 meters in indoor track, and 1,500 and 5,000 in outdoor track. This is in addition to cross country in the fall.聽

Oliver loves having athletic events throughout the school year.

“I really like getting to do both,鈥� she said. 鈥淚 really enjoy going to practice every season.”

Oliver now has her sights set on the Midwest Conference Cross Country Championships on Nov. 2, to be hosted by 杨贵妃传媒视频 at Reid Golf Course.

Glick is a social psychologist whose sub-specialty is the study of prejudice. In 2022, he was honored by the Society of Experimental Social Psychology (SESP) for work that has 鈥減roven highly influential鈥� over a long period of time. His scholarship includes groundbreaking theories on stereotype content, ambivalent sexism, and toxic organizational culture. He has authored more than 90 articles that have collectively been cited more than 60,000 times. His books include Sage Handbook of Prejudice and The Social Psychology of Gender.

Metalsky has specialized in the study of depression, stress, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and general psychotherapy. He has published more than 50 scholarly articles in peer-reviewed journals and books and presented his work at more than 75 national conferences. A fellow of the American Psychological Society since 2009, he served for more than 15 years on the editorial board of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology. He also has served on the board of directors of the Wisconsin Psychological Association.

The novel, from Mariner Books, is an emotional rollercoaster that spans more than 90 years, from a heartbreaking opening scene at an orphanage in Chicago in 1924 to the unveiling in 2015 of jarring secrets held for a lifetime in a small northern Minnesota town. The story of Cecily is one of pain, cruelty, love鈥攆orbidden and otherwise鈥攁nd hope.

While Baker鈥檚 first two novels, Keeping the House (2007) and I Gave My Heart to Know This (2011), both from Random House, put her on the literary map, they did not generate quite this level of enthusiasm.

鈥淭o know that book editors were noticing it, readers were noticing it, people were anticipating it, that was really exciting,鈥� Baker said from her home on the coast of Maine.

The new novel falls into the genre of historical fiction鈥攁s did her first two novels鈥攁nd the roots of Baker鈥檚 history-focused storytelling can be found in her experiences as an undergraduate at 杨贵妃传媒视频 three decades ago, when the psychology major with a secret desire to write novels fell in love with American history.

鈥淎t 杨贵妃传媒视频, I got so fascinated by my American history classes, my American literature classes,鈥� she said.

While finishing her psychology major, she worked an internship with the Outagamie County Historical Society in Appleton, and she took an independent study course in fiction writing during her senior year鈥攁ll while filling spiral notebooks with ideas for a novel.

鈥淚 was always drawn toward writing novels, but at the time I was looking for a more practical career path,鈥� Baker said. 鈥淚 think I was looking for something that wasn鈥檛 so close to my heart, because I was also so shy that I didn鈥檛 tell anybody I wrote novels in notebooks. A few close friends knew but it was otherwise a secret.鈥�

After graduating from 杨贵妃传媒视频, Baker took an internship in Tennessee working as a living history interpreter鈥攄ressing in costume, quilting by hand, cooking on a wood stove, and finding other ways to bring American history to life. She completed a master鈥檚 degree in American studies at the University of Minnesota, then worked at a World War II museum in Superior, Wisconsin.

All of it built to her next chapter. She eventually went to work for an independent bookstore while beginning to scratch that itch as a novelist. Four years later, Keeping the House, set in the 1950s, was released.

鈥淎ll the pieces of my 杨贵妃传媒视频 experience and my master鈥檚 degree all dovetail into becoming a historical novelist,鈥� Baker said. 鈥淭he focus on psychology gave me a different inroad. A lot of people as fiction writers go get an MFA, which is a fabulous path to take if that鈥檚 your right path. For me, I wasn鈥檛 ready at the time to claim that part of myself, so I think I actually have a really different perspective in terms of how I look at characters or how I look at history鈥攂ecause of training in things other than how to write fiction. I have the training in how to look at the world from those different lenses. I think it鈥檚 been a very valuable thing to have.鈥�

The Hidden Life of Cecily Larson comes 13 years after Baker鈥檚 previous novel鈥攕he launched an online teaching course for would-be novelists and did freelance writing and editing in the meantime. It was in early 2021 that she redirected her attention to a next novel, wanting to write a story about the keeping of a decades-long secret in a small town, all of it eventually unraveling through modern DNA testing.

鈥淚 am fascinated by all the stories I鈥檝e read of people who have had DNA surprises in their lives and how that upends their sense of themselves, their identities, and what happens as a consequence of those surprises,鈥� Baker said.

She wanted to weave a story that would interplay multiple storylines over long passages of time.

鈥淚 started there and wrote the story going back and forth in time because I was interested in playing with the relationship between past and present,鈥� Baker said. 鈥淥bviously, in this book, the past has a direct effect on the present.鈥�

She wrote the initial draft in eight months, far faster than she鈥檇 usually get through a first draft.

鈥淚 usually take a number of years to write a draft,鈥� Baker said. 鈥淚 can鈥檛 explain why it happened. It just felt like it was a story that already happened, and I was just writing it down. I didn鈥檛 struggle with how to make it make sense. It just felt like it was all there.鈥�

Her new literary agent sold the book to Mariner Books, which kicked off an intense editing process. By last summer, Baker was already receiving glowing feedback from authors she admires. And by fall the book was starting to show up on best-of lists in advance of its February release.

Baker likes where she鈥檚 at as she gains notice as a novelist and builds momentum as a teacher and entrepreneur. She鈥檚 growing her online teaching鈥攑roviding start-up guidance to novelists-to-be鈥攚hile considering options for a next novel. She鈥檚 also working on a screenplay, and her agent is having conversations with studios about taking The Hidden Life of Cecily Larson to the big screen.

鈥淚鈥檝e been figuring out how to support myself with writing and independent projects,鈥� Baker said. 鈥淚鈥檝e learned a lot about myself along the way. Being my own boss and having the real estate of my brain completely available to think the thoughts I want to think, that to me is a very valuable thing. I think that is something I learned at 杨贵妃传媒视频, or that I came to value at 杨贵妃传媒视频. The privilege of intellectual freedom, the privilege to think about the things you want to think about, the privilege to pursue the lines of inquiry you want to pursue. For me, that line of inquiry is simply how to understand the human experience, how to convey human experience, how to bring the past to life in ways that possibly can help us to not repeat the same mistakes.鈥�

Gupta received his fellowship in social psychology. Working toward his Ph.D. at Stanford University, Gupta is looking to apply social psychological insights to social problems through theory-driven research related to issues of discrimination, bias, and prejudice.

Gupta鈥檚 work after graduating from 杨贵妃传媒视频 has focused on developing and evaluating evidence-based intervention programs for young people, particularly in 6th through 12th grade. These programs use community engagement opportunities and curriculum to encourage marginalized and/or disadvantaged children to find their voice and use it within their communities. Gupta is continuing this work as he develops the theory behind it.聽

Gupta focused on honing his research skills in the years between 杨贵妃传媒视频 and Stanford. After 杨贵妃传媒视频, he began work at the Center for Social Development and Education at UMass-Boston as a research assistant. He then worked as a research coordinator for the Lifting the Bar Project at Stanford with Dr. Greg Walton鈥檚 lab. For Gupta, these work experiences not only developed his knowledge of interdisciplinary research methods but were instrumental in broadening his ideas about the application of social psychology theories to solving pressing social problems.

Gupta traces the building of this foundation to his time at 杨贵妃传媒视频. The two-class Research Methods series with psychology professors Peter Glick and Matt Ansfield gave him the tools to put his questions about the world into research. Gupta developed strong relationships with his professors: Glick would later mentor him through his honors thesis and act as a reference for his NSF application. 聽

鈥淚 feel like that鈥檚 really unique about 杨贵妃传媒视频 鈥� not just working in a lab but building a solid relationship with a professor and working closely with them to answer questions that are important to you,鈥� he said.聽

For Gupta, who grew up in a predominantly white Wisconsin community, social psychology is the framework he uses to ask questions about his experiences in society and the toolbox he uses to find the answers. He said he鈥檚 passionate about sharing these tools with others for the betterment of themselves, each other, and their communities.聽

Ada Stelzer 鈥�21

Stelzer received her fellowship in mathematics. As she works toward her Ph.D. at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, she鈥檚 working to answer questions about complex polynomial equations. She is studying Schubert calculus, which aims to find points of intersection between surfaces in large numbers of dimensions. Because these surfaces are so abstract, she’s using something called Groebner geometry to relate them to simpler coordinate planes. The process is similar to polynomial long division.

Stelzer鈥檚 work as an undergrad at 杨贵妃传媒视频, particularly her independent study in Groebner geometry, led her to Schubert calculus in graduate school.

鈥淭here was a lot of room to do what you wanted,鈥� Stelzer said of her time at 杨贵妃传媒视频. 鈥淢y senior year, my friend Travis (Dillon 鈥�21) and I organized a math colloquium series where we and others took turns giving talks on our favorite subjects. At a big school, we wouldn鈥檛 have been able to do that.鈥�

.

Studying in the liberal arts allowed Stelzer to pursue linguistic anthropology, creative writing, and choir alongside mathematics. She said that variety of study has had a positive influence on her teaching style.

Stelzer is excited to make an impact in the mathematics field. For her, working on a problem is a connection of more than numbers.

鈥淲hen you use someone else鈥檚 result, it鈥檚 kind of like you鈥檙e holding hands across time,鈥� she said. 鈥淲hen you understand, it鈥檚 like you talk to each other, even though they were living 200 years ago.鈥�

Sarabeth Brandt ’21

Brandt received her grant in electrical engineering. Currently a Ph.D. student at Pennsylvania State University, Brandt is working to develop a tool to monitor and study ground-nesting bees.

She is studying ground-piercing radar to develop this tool. Typically, these radar systems are used for larger surveys, such as finding pipes underground.

鈥淢y goal is to take that idea and push it a bit further by looking for these small nest cells,鈥� Brandt said. 鈥淭he idea is to use the electromagnetic properties of the nest cells 鈥� to identify them against their environment.鈥�

Brandt is trying to pinpoint squash bee nests. Squash bees, which have evolved along Pennsylvania squash plants, are especially effective pollinators of squash. Unlike honeybees, they nest individually and are inactive for most of the year, making it difficult to research them or track their population. Brandt said a tool like the one she鈥檚 developing would allow researchers to assess the bees鈥� state of population decline and make it easier to answer questions about the bees鈥� impact on squash plants.

Brandt found her passion for this project through a research program at Penn State called Drawdown while an undergrad at 杨贵妃传媒视频. The program, taking place remotely in the summer of 2020, was focused on research toward climate solutions. Brandt worked with electrical engineers and etymologists to predict insects鈥� reactions to electromagnetic waves.

A physics major at 杨贵妃传媒视频, Brandt found the liberal arts education made it easier to think outside of her field, which was invaluable at Drawdown. She credits 杨贵妃传媒视频 with developing her skills in writing concisely, noting the positive comments about her writing on her application.

鈥淪eeking out unique opportunities can send you down really fun and interesting paths,鈥� Brandt said.

Hilt, professor of psychology, received the Excellence in Scholarship & Creative Activity Award.

She returned to her alma mater in 2011 and has done impressive scholarly work in the field of psychology. A licensed clinical psychologist, much of Hilt鈥檚 research has focused on adolescent depression, rumination, and self-injury. She has been lauded in scholarly and popular media for research that combines the insights of clinical psychology and neuroscience. It is research that her colleagues have called 鈥渓ife-changing, indeed, potentially life-saving,鈥� said Peter Blitstein, provost and dean of faculty.

鈥淭he influence of your research, well-funded by the National Institutes of Health among other sources, is more than matched by its significance,鈥� Blitstein said in a citation presented to Hilt.

Megan Pickett

Pickett, associate professor of physics, received the Excellence in Teaching Award.

She joined the 杨贵妃传媒视频 faculty in 2006 and has been a passionate and accomplished teacher of astrophysics. She has contributed to the redesign of the introductory physics curriculum, has led First-Year Studies, and has been innovative in celebrating the joys of science. Colleagues and students have spoken of Pickett鈥檚 鈥渋nfectious鈥� wonderment of science.

鈥淢any of us have met you on days when you appear before your class in costume portraying unrecognized scientists of the past,鈥� Blitstein said in a citation presented to Pickett. 鈥淎nd you have introduced the Science of Superheroes to the 杨贵妃传媒视频 curriculum.鈥�

Elizabeth Sattler

Sattler, assistant professor of mathematics, received the Early Career Teaching Award.

She has been a member 杨贵妃传媒视频鈥檚 mathematics faculty since 2018. She has collaborated with colleagues to revise the calculus sequence and develop a course in discrete mathematics. Sattler also is co-developing a course for the Summer Institute, Starting STEM-Savvy, demonstrating a commitment to developing students鈥� quantitative skills at all levels.

鈥淵our colleagues recognize your dedication and excellence as a teacher, describing you as a 鈥榮uperb鈥� instructor with 鈥榝antastic鈥� pedagogical instincts,鈥� Blitstein said in presenting Sattler her citation.

While Becker finished the autism research study after joining the 杨贵妃传媒视频 faculty, her work began as a collaborative study with colleagues at St. Joseph鈥檚. She was an affiliate of the university鈥檚 Kinney Center for Autism Education and Support, where adults on the spectrum can join a day program that focuses on life skills for living independently, such as money management, cooking, laundry, and job training.

鈥淭here are so many more resources for young kids on the autism spectrum; adults are this tremendously underserved and understudied population,鈥� Becker said. 鈥淔or individuals on the autism spectrum, there is a lot of literature suggesting more chronic levels of stress, and high stress leads to a whole host of negative health outcomes.鈥�

Noticing participants鈥� love of video games, Becker and her collaborators tried figuring out how to combine video games with the stress-relieving benefits of exercise. Ultimately, they used VR games with a variety of themes, and an exercise bike peripheral. With the games powered by pedaling, participants would play and report their experiences. Salivary cortisol levels, a biological marker of stress, were examined pre and post intervention to see if stress levels change in response to exercise.

鈥淭o me, what鈥檚 exciting about this work, as compared to my animal research, is that it鈥檚 not only translational, but directly applied,鈥� Becker said.

There鈥檚 a wide range of people on the autism spectrum, Becker said.聽Some, but not all, are nonverbal, meaning they have not learned or choose not to speak. For nonverbal participants, Becker said they were able to report their willingness to participate in the study through non-verbal methods (nodding yes) and via their caregivers.

鈥淲e want to be mindful that we鈥檙e not being exploitative in any way,鈥� Becker said.

Becker said participants and families overall reported enjoying the “exer-gaming,” and reductions in the stress hormone cortisol were observed, particularly for those who had higher levels of baseline cortisol.聽 An unexpected benefit was increased socialization. Most frequently documented were instances of participants verbally encouraging one another as they played the games. One day, two participants started singing together during their session and they persisted in singing a song throughout the rest of the sessions.

鈥淚t was cool to see the guys were all of a sudden chatting with each other and cheering for each other during those sessions,鈥� Becker said. 鈥淚t was really gratifying to see that we could facilitate social connections through engaging in these activities.鈥�

Becker said her biggest remaining question is how long these benefits last. Becker also said all participants identified as male, which limits the research because autism can present differently in different genders. Nevertheless, Becker is optimistic about future opportunities to learn from those on the spectrum.

Making a difference

A native of Ohio, Becker was a voice performance major when she first came to 杨贵妃传媒视频. But she took an intro to psychology class from Matt Ansfield in her first year and loved it.

鈥淚 was really hooked,鈥� Becker said. 鈥淚 started working with Dr. Bruce Hetzler around that time, and the rest is history.鈥�

Hetzler retired from the 杨贵妃传媒视频 faculty in 2019 after 42 years on teaching.

Becker said her return to teach at her alma mater has been amazing. She loves that professors and students are constantly learning from each other.

鈥淲hat I love about Lawrentians in particular is that students show up to class very hungry to learn, and I think it鈥檚 a stimulating environment to be in,鈥� she said.

Becker said she isn鈥檛 yet sure if or how this specific research project will continue. Nevertheless, she wants to keep ties with her former colleagues at St. Joseph鈥檚 and Marquette University and continue helping those on the autism spectrum as much as she can.

鈥淚 think the Appleton community would be a really interesting place to tap into,鈥� Becker said.

She said this type of VR-based project could help neurodivergent people navigate other stressful scenarios such as police interactions.

鈥淲e saw a real difference for our participants, and our goal now is to share it as broadly as we can,鈥� Becker said.

Augmented reality lets users see digital creations inserted into the real world; virtual reality immerses users in an entirely digital world.

鈥淵ou can use a physical mock-up to give you just what you need to touch and interact with 鈥� and then have someone put on a VR headset where there鈥檚 a virtual model that is lined up with the physical mock-up but has a much higher level of detail,鈥� Brailovsky said.

A role for psychology

The lab is part of NASA鈥檚 Human Factors Analysis branch. Human Factors鈥� engineering work is about making sure designs are user-friendly as well as functional.

Brailovsky said Human Factors analysts look for questions rather than answering existing ones鈥攊t鈥檚 an intersection between engineering, psychology, and computer sciences.

鈥淢y first thought is always the person, and that鈥檚 not typical for engineering perspectives,鈥� Brailovsky said.

While virtual reality isn鈥檛 perfect for recreating the real world, it can help test scenarios too difficult or expensive for labs.

鈥淲e can鈥檛 mimic reality without first understanding how our brains construct reality,鈥� Brailovsky said. 鈥淐olor doesn鈥檛 exist, it鈥檚 just wavelengths of light. Sound doesn鈥檛 exist; it鈥檚 all illusions created by our brain processing information. So, we can鈥檛 replicate those without knowing really well how we create our own reality.鈥�

Psychology is important in the space industry, especially when considering the rise in commercial spaceflight and possible future Mars landings.

鈥淭his is like going back to the old age of sail ships where you could have six people in a boat for months. 鈥�,鈥� Brailovsky said. 鈥淥nly in our case, they鈥檙e in zero gravity in a really tight container, and if there鈥檚 a hole in the container, they all die. What does that do to a person鈥檚 perception?鈥�

Along with making sure everything works properly, Human Factors analysts want space habitations to feel as much like home as possible.

Making dreams reality

Brailovsky has held a fascination with space since childhood. His interest in psychology developed in high school. He also took computer programming courses at 杨贵妃传媒视频 and interned at Iowa State University鈥檚 Virtual Reality Application Center last summer.

鈥淚t鈥檚 very exciting to be a psych student now coming into this industry because attention to it is growing,鈥� he said.

Brailovsky applied for an opportunity he saw on NASA鈥檚 website about using augmented reality to test spacesuits. Although his application was unsuccessful, another NASA program leader in need of virtual reality expertise saw Brailovsky鈥檚 application and invited him to join.

鈥淭his is what I told people my dream job was when I was 15,鈥� Brailovsky said. 鈥淚 didn鈥檛 know what they did here, and I didn鈥檛 know this group existed. I invented them for myself and just hoped they were out there. They were, and they called me.鈥�

Brailovsky said he wasn鈥檛 planning on interning during his senior year to avoid graduation conflicts, but this opportunity was too good to pass up.

鈥淲hat they teach you when you study psychology is to always be looking out for the unexpected,鈥� he said.

The internship will last through the summer. Brailovsky intends to return to 杨贵妃传媒视频 this fall for one final term to wrap up his psychology major and minors in cognitive science, computer science, and data science.聽After graduation, Brailovsky said he hopes to head back to the Marshall Center.

鈥淚 have never felt as professionally respected in my life before; the people in my lab are incredible,鈥� he said.聽

Brailovsky said the chance to contribute to future Mars landings with his VR and psychology skills makes him want to stay with NASA. His ultimate goal is to have his own zero-gravity psychological laboratory.

Until then, Brailovsky said driving past a Saturn V rocket every morning on his way to work is a powerful motivator.

鈥淛ust the chance to participate in our generation鈥檚 version of the moon landing is incredible,鈥� he said.

The 鈥渟tereotype content model鈥� paper explored a theory of stereotyping and bias that looked at prejudice as being more than a consistent or uniform antipathy.

Following Gordon Allport鈥檚 lead, social psychologists previously thought prejudice 鈥渃ould range from a mild dislike leading to avoidance to a burning hate and rage that can lead to attack,鈥� Glick said of the earlier definition. 鈥淏ut it鈥檚 all on one dimension.鈥�

With Fiske as the lead author, the trio developed the 鈥渟tereotype content model鈥� that added layers and nuances in an effort to better understand and respond to prejudices of all kinds. They established that people perceive groups on two core dimensions鈥攚armth and competence鈥攚ith many groups being seen as high on one dimension but low on the other. Groups seen as warm but incompetent are liked but not respected. People may feel warmly toward them, but deny them challenging assignments and view them as incapable for leadership roles. Groups seen as competent but not warm are respected, but disliked. As a result, people may hold conspiracy theories about them as powerful enemies, leading to hostility and attack. Both experience discrimination, whether due to low expectations or resentment.

鈥淭he 鈥榮tereotype content model鈥� gained a lot of credence, led to a lot of research, and had a lot of influence in how we think of prejudice,鈥� Glick said. 鈥淚t has built momentum along the way. As more people started to use it, it got spread beyond social psychology. Now we see people citing it from other fields, outside of psychology.鈥�

The work wasn鈥檛 done in a vacuum. Other social psychologists were exploring related theories, one building on another. The research doesn鈥檛 solve the issues around prejudice, but it provided new frameworks to address it that can be seen today in everything from anti-bias workplace training to bias-focused court cases.

鈥淚 think we were one of the early influences where now people have really re-thought how we define prejudice,鈥� Glick said.

Glick, a social psychologist whose sub specialty is the study of prejudice, collaborated with Fiske and Cuddy on the 2002 paper after he and Fiske had partnered on an earlier paper, The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating Hostile and Benevolent Sexism. In that paper, with Glick as the lead author, they posed a theory that distinguishes benevolent sexism鈥攁 term Glick and Fiske coined鈥攆rom hostile sexism. The latter is easily recognizable; but benevolent sexism, they argued, is a more subtle form of discrimination, with a woman being praised and encouraged while simultaneously being undermined in the workplace.

Since then, Glick has been a sought-after media source on issues of sexism, masculine identity, stereotypes, and anti-bias training, has authored several books on related topics, and has been called multiple times to testify in federal courts on issues of bias.

Benevolent sexism is 鈥渘ot about opening doors for women; it鈥檚 about these assumptions that are made so you don鈥檛 even give them a chance,鈥� Glick said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 not as blatant as hostile sexism, but benevolent sexism undermines women by denying them opportunities, it鈥檚 patronizing. And it undermines collective action. You really do need to understand how these things work together.鈥�

The writing of the 鈥渁mbivalent sexism鈥� paper led to the broader exploration of the 鈥渟tereotype content model鈥� that is now being honored by SESP, Glick said. He, Fiske, and Cuddy are expected to receive the Scientific Impact Award in October.

A member of the 杨贵妃传媒视频 faculty since 1985, Glick had another significant moment this summer. He was invited by the American Psychological Association to deliver a keynote address at its national convention in Minneapolis in early August. He spoke on how stereotypes of masculinity can hinder access to certain academic fields and why subtle adjustments in messaging can make a difference.